effects of topical chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin on con-junctival bacterial flora of healthy dogs

Normal bacterial flora of the conjunctiva, which inhibits growth of opportunistic organisms, has an important role in the prevention of ocular infections. If resident flora is inhibited by disease or long-term application of antibiotics, opportunistic pathogens overgrow, leading to disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ophthalmic chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin on bacterial conjunctival flora in healthy dogs. A total of 16 animals were divided into 2 equal groups which received either chloramphenicol [CHL] [0.5%] or ciprofloxacin [CIP] [0.3%]. In both groups, the right eye of each animal was treated with 2 drops of antibiotics every 8 and 6 hours, respectively, for 1 week and the left eye received artificial tear solution and served as control. Bacterial and fungal cultures were performed 8 hours before and after the treatment. Fisher's Exact test and SPSS software were used for statistical analyses [p<0.05]. There were no statistically significant differences between control and test eyes and bacterial isolates in both groups. In CHL group, after treatment Staphylococcus spp [62.5%], Bacillus spp [12.5%] from the right eyes and Staphylococcus spp [75%] and Bacillus spp [12.5%] from left eyes were isolated. In CIP group, after treatment the bacterial isolates of right eyes were Staphylococcus spp [87.5%], Aerococ-cus spp [37.5%], Viridans streptococcus [25%], Micrococcus spp [12.5%], Bacillus spp [12.5%]; Staphylococcus spp [75%], Micrococcus spp [25%] Bacillus spp [12.5%] were isolated from left eyes of dogs after 1 week administration of artificial tear. Topically applied chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin had no significant changes in or detrimental effects on normal bacterial flora of treated dogs

[In-vitro comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT and helical CT for detection of mandibular condyle erosions]

Temporomandibular joint [TMJ] dysfunction is the most common jaw disorder. TMJ imaging may be necessary to supplement information obtained from the clinical examination. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of helical computed tomography [CT] and cone beam computed tomography [CBCT] for detection of simulated mandibular condyle erosions. In this in-vitro study, simulated lesions were created in 15 dry mandibles using a dental round bur. Using CBCT and helical CT techniques, mandibular condyles were radiographed before and after creating the lesions. The images were examined by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists for absence or presence of lesions. The accuracy for detecting mandibular condyle lesions was expressed as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Differences between the two radiographic modalities were analyzed by McNemar's test. Inter-observer agreement was determined using Kappa coefficient. The maximum sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%, 100% and 100% for CBCT images, respectively and 88%, 100% and 98% for helical CT images, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the accuracy of CBCT and helical CT for detection of mandibular condyle erosions [P = 1]. CBCT is a lower-dose cost-effective alternative to helical CT for diagnostic evaluation of erosion of the mandibular condyle

[Transfection of ram spermatozoa with pEGFP carrying human lysozyme gene]

As we all know, sperm has the capacity to take up foreign DNA, therefore, sperm mediated gen transfer can be an inexpensive and simple method in animal transgenesis in various species. However, there is not sufficient evidence of DNA uptake by ovine spermatozoa. The purpose of the present study was to examine the uptake of human lysozyme gene contained plasmid [pEGFP-IRES-hLys] by ovin spermatozoa. In the first experiment, semen was prepared from three ram [each ram two times] by electrical method. After removal of seminal plasma, 1x106 spermatozoa were incubated with rhodamin-labled pEGFP-IRES-hLys in TCM199 for 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes and then observed for motility, uptake percent and uptake intensity by florescent microscopy. Also after 60 minutes incubation sperms were treated by DNaseI to assay adsorption or uptake of pEGFP-IRES-hLys. In the second experiment, washed and unwashed sperms were incubated with rhodamin-labled pEGFP-IRES-hLys in TCM199 for 30 and 60 minutes to evaluate the effect of presence seminal plasma on sperm uptake and motility. The findings showed that increasing incubation time increased number/percentage of spermatozoa carrying exogenous DNA and its intensity. But this different was significant only up to 30 minutes. We found that 60.16% of the cells were bound to DNA after 120 minutes incubation. Incubation with exogenous DNA induced a slightly decrease in sperm total and progressive motility. But no post acrosom uptaked sperm was motile. After treatment with DNaseI, strong florescent emission from post acrosom indicated absorption of pEGFP-IRES-hLys by spermatozoa. Presence of seminal plasma induced a slightly decrease in percent of DNA absorbed spermatozoa and absorption intensity, but did not inhibit completely. Ram spermatozoa showed a high capacity to bind DNA quickly and reach a maximum after 30 min. However, no sperm with real uptake [post acrosomal] was motile. Incubation with lower DNA concentration and/or shorter time may be helpful

[ effect of eight weeks selected aerobic exercise on liver parenchyma and liver enzymes [AST, ALT] of fat liver patients]

Fatty liver disease is a kind of fat accumulation in the liver cells which uncontrolled subjects have a trend to parenchymal fibrosis and cell death. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks elected aerobic exercise on the levels of AST, ALT enzymes and liver parenchyma of male patients with fatty liver, aged 20 to 45 years in Shooshtar, Iran. In this study, 24 patients referred to sonography clinics of Shooshtar, Iran with the diagnosis of fatty liver disease were selected randomly and divided to control and experimental groups. The serum ALT and AST were measured and liver sonography was done before intervention in both groups. After eight weeks aerobic exercise with intensity of 50 to 70 VO2 Max in case group, the tests were performed for both groups. Descriptive analysis and t-test were performed using SPSS. The results showed that ecogenesity of liver parenchyma was decreased in the post-test in comparison to pre-test [83.2%] and the serum AST and ALT of experimental group were decreased in comparison to control group [P<0.05]. It can be concluded that eight weeks aerobic exercise has significant effects on the fatty liver disease

[Evaluation of CT scan guided fine needle biopsy of the chest lesions]

Background: CT scan guided fine needle biopsy of the chest lesions are increasingly popular technique, but may have complications which the most common is pneumothorax. The purpose of this study was to observe the complications of needle biopsy of chest lesions guided by the CT scan among the patients studied

Material and Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiologic study. All patients that referred to Imam Khomeini in Ahvaz from 2005 to 2007and it was necessary to biopsy the chest lesions were studied. Snapshot files on lung CT scan lesion size and depth measurements and the biopsy samples obtained were sent to pathology. After the biopsy the patient CT scan was to act as the presence or absence of symptoms, proper action was made of

Results: Among 102 patients studied, 85 patients [83.4%] were uncomplicated, but 8 patients [7.9%] were suffered from pneumothorax. In the study were made between lesion size and depth of complications found no correlation, but between lesion location and complications caused there was statistically significant difference

Conclusion: the needle biopsy guided by CT scan due to low complications in many cases is a suitable diagnostic method

[ comparison of behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapeutic methods on depression in cardiac rehabilitated patients]

In addition to medical care, psychological support is needed to treat depression in rehabilitated cardiac patients. In this study we have compared the effectiveness of two different methods i.e. behavior-intervention and cognitive management in decreasing intensity of depression in rehabilitated cardiac patients. All cardiac patients who had undergone surgery Coronary Artery Bypass Graft [CABG] during 2005-2006 in Khatam-al--Anbia general hospital of Zahedan were included in the study. Sixty seven patients fulfilling the criteria for inclusion were divided randomly into three groups, each comprising of 15 patients, two groups as experimental and one group as control. We used dual therapeutic methods of behavioral management and cognitive management in the two experimental groups, no intervention was done in the control group and multi group dependent variables were defined as the degree of depression in rehabilitated cardiac patients which was assessed by scale of light depression. Beck depression test was utilized for data collection for pre and post-tests; unilateral variance analysis [ANOVA] was used for data analysis. The average score of depression in both test groups showed remarkable difference before and after intervention, whilst subjects in the control groups did not show any intervention. Cognitive method proved more efficient in lessening the intensity of depression. We can apply psychotherapeutic intervening procedures in order to enhance cure and improve to deal with psychological issues in such patients

[Evaluation of clonidine premedication on hemodynamic hyperactivity in patients candidate for ERCP [endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography]]

Autonomic system changes during ERCP lead to increased blood pressure [BP] and heart rate [HR] and decrease in arterial O2 saturation [SPO2]. This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the clonidine pre-medication effects on systolic BP, HR and SPO2 during ERCP. This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 40 ERCP candidates. Patients were classified into two groups. The first group didn't receive any premediacation. The patients of second group were given 0.2 mg clonidine 2 hours before ERCP. BP, HR and SPO2 of all patients were recorded before, during and after ERCP. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA [P<0.05]. Age, sex, systolic BP, HR and SPO2 values were identical in both groups before induction [P>0.05]. Analysis of variance of systolic BP, HR and SPO2 showed that SBP and HR changes were significantly lower in the clonidine group at different times [during and after endoscopy] [in the order P<0.004, P<0.017], but no significant difference was observed in SPO2_changes in either groups. The amount of administered sodium thiopental had no significant difference in either group. On the basis of this study, clonidine as an alpha-2 agonist can inhibit BP and HR increase during ERCP by decreasing sympathic discharge but does not decrease the need for sedative drugs

[Comparison of respiratory symptoms between welders and official staffs in one of the Arak industrial factory in 2007]

The respiratory symptoms in welding workers have been appear by increasing use of welding various poisoning gases and fumes in machine industry. It is necessary to evaluating of frequency of respiratory symptoms with scientific methods. In this historical cohort study, 60 non-smoker welding workers with history of at least 6 months work in welding, and 60 non-smoker office workers who were not exposed to respiratory pollution were selected from machine industry factories of Arak. Data was gathered by questionnaire. Occupationalist performed physical exams and spirometery. Data was statistically analyzed. There was a significant relationship between sore throat [p=0.02], cough [p=0.04], spectrum [p=0.01], and dyspnea [p=0.007] with working in welding. But in symptoms such as rinite, hoarsening, nasal congestion, epistaxis, respiratory assessment and spirometery results difference was not significant. Symptoms of upper respiratory tract stimulation in welding workers were significantly more than non-exposed workers

[Comparison between therapeutic effects of doxepine and hydroxyzine on resistant pruritic lesions due to sulfur mustard]

Chronic pruritus is one of the major complaints in chemically-injured patients. It may cause many psychological problems and consequently, decrease the patient's quality of life. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of Doxepin and Hydroxyzine in treatment of chronic pruritus due to Sulfur Mustard. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was carried out in Baqiyatallah hospital on 50 chemically-injured patients for a period of 4 weeks. Patients randomly divided into 2 groups, first group [mean age of 42.3 +/- 5.4 years old] received Doxepin capsules [10 mg/day] and the second group [mean age of 41.1 +/- 6.2 years old] received Hydroxyzine capsules [25 mg/day]. Pruritus score was measured by a standard questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]. The mean before and after-treatment puritus scores of Hydroxyzine, were 34.6 +/- 3.4 and 25.9 +/- 3.1, respectively [P<0.001] and those of Doxepin were 33.8 +/- 4.4 and 24.5 +/- 4.1, respectively [P<0.001]. Both drugs decreased pruritus, similarly [P = 0.245]. 18 patients in the hydroxyzine-received group and 11 patients in the Doxepin-received group were complaining from sedation as a side-effect [P=0.035]. Both drugs are of significant effectiveness in decreasing pruritus. However, considering its fewer side effects, Doxepin seems to be more useful in these conditions